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The TFT thin-film transistor (matrix) which actively controls individual pixels on the screen is the origin of the so-called active matrix TFT.So how exactly do images come about? The basic principle is simple: a display screen consists of a number of pixels that can emit light of any color, and controlling each pixel to display a corresponding color does the trick. In TFT LCD, backlight technology is generally adopted. In order to accurately control the color and brightness of each pixel, a switch similar to a shutter needs to be installed after each pixel. When the shutter is opened, light can come through, but when the shutter is closed, light cannot come through.

Of course, its not as simple technically as that. Liquid Crystal Display USES the properties of Liquid crystals (Liquid when heated and solid when cooled)

There are three types of liquid crystals:

• Clay-like lamination (Smectic) liquid crystals
• Nematic liquid crystal resembling a thin matchstick
• The Cholestatic liquid crystal

Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are filamentous, and their molecular structure changes as the environment change, giving them different physical properties allowing light to pass through or block it in the case of louvers.

You know the three primary colors, so each pixel on the display needs to be made up of three similar basic components described above, which control the red, green, and blue colors respectively.

TFT color filter is divided into red, green, and blue according to the color, which is successively arranged on the glass substrate to form a group (dot pitch) corresponding to a pixel. Each monochrome filter is called a sub-pixel. That said, if a TFT display supports a maximum resolution of 12801024, it needs at least 128031024 sub-pixels and transistors. For a 15-inch TFT display (1024 x 768), a pixel is about 0.0188 inches.

As you know, pixels are critical to a display, and the smaller each pixel, the larger the maximum possible resolution of the display. But because of the physical limitations of transistors, the TFT is roughly 0.0117 inches (0.297mm) per pixel, so the maximum resolution for a 15-inch display is 1,280 by 1,024.[1]