The sample is injected into the Gas Chromatography system and vaporized. The vaporized sample is then carried through the column by the gas mobile phase. As the sample moves through the column, the mixture components are separated based on their differing affinities for the stationary phase. GC is commonly used for the separation and quantification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as alcohols, aldehydes, and hydrocarbons.

HPLC is a widely used technique that uses a liquid mobile phase and a solid stationary phase. The sample is dissolved in the mobile phase and injected into the HPLC system. As the mobile phase flows through the column, the mixture components are separated based on their differing affinities for the stationary phase. HPLC is commonly used for the separation and quantification of small molecules such as drugs, metabolites, and amino acids. There are many different types of chromatography techniques, each with their own unique characteristics and applications.

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